Ec1406-electronic system design lab manual

Visitors In order to derive maximum learning experience, the users are advised to first read the instructions for conducting the labs. There are 'step-by-step' instructions available in each lab to assist the users.

Some of the labs require the users to log in first. Eventually, there will be a common login for all labs. Fading Channels and Mobile Communications Lab. Reference Books. Reference Books No book found in record. Syllabus Mapping No syllabus found in record. Analog Signals Network and Measurement Lab. Hybrid Electronics Lab. Reference Books J.

RF and Microwave Characterization Lab. Third Edition , M. Digital Principles and Design? Donald D. John F Wakerly,? The input waveform will be amplifier by the factor Av voltage gain of the amplifier in magnitude and its phase will be inverted.

In the inverting amplifier circuit the signal to be amplified is applied to the inverting input of the opamp through the input resistance R1. Rf is the feedback resistor. Rf and Rin together determine the gain of the amplifier.

Negative sign implies that the output signal is negated. The circuit diagram of a basic inverting amplifier using opamp is shown below. The input and output waveforms of an inverting amplifier using opamp is shown below. The graph is drawn assuming that the gain Av of the amplifier is 2 and the input signal is a sine wave. Practical inverting amplifier using A simple practical inverting amplifier using IC is shown below.

It can be used in a verity of applications like integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, amplifier etc. The IC has an integrated compensation network for improving stability and has short circuit protection. Signal to be amplified is applied to the inverting pi pin2 of the IC. Non inverting pin pin3 is connected to ground. R1 is the input resistor and Rf is the feedback resistor.

Rf and R1 together sets the gain of the amplifier. RL is the load resistor and the amplified signal will be available across it. POT R2 can be used for nullifying the output offset voltage. If you are planning to assemble the circuit, the power supply must be well regulated and filtered. Noise from the power supply can adversely In the inverting amplifier only one input is applied and that is to the inverting input V2 terminal.

The Non inverting input terminal V1 is grounded. Practical Non-inverting amplifier using The input is applied to the non-inverting input terminal and the Inverting terminal is connected to the ground. Procedure:- 1 Connect the circuit for inverting, non-inverting amplifier on a component board. Model Output Waveform:- Theory: Differentiator circuits as its name implies, performs the mathematical operation of differentiator, that is, the output waveform is the derivative of the input.

The differentiator may be constructed from a basic inverting amplifier when an input resistor R1 is replaced by a capacitor C, Thus, the output Vo is equal to the Rf C times the negative instantaneous rate of change of the input voltage Vin with time. The right-hand side of the capacitor is held to a voltage of 0 volts, due to the "virtual ground" effect. Therefore, current "through" the capacitor is solely due to change in the input voltage.

A steady input voltage won't cause a current through C, but a changing input voltage will. Capacitor current moves through the feedback resistor, producing a drop across it, which is the same as the output voltage.

A linear, positive rate of input voltage change will result in a steady negative voltage at the output of the op-amp. Conversely, a linear, negative rate of input voltage change will result in a steady positive voltage at the output of the op-amp. This polarity inversion from input to output is due to the fact that the input signal is being sent essentially to the inverting input of the op-amp, so it acts like the inverting amplifier mentioned previously.

The faster the rate of voltage change at the input either positive or negative , the greater the voltage at the output. The formula for determining voltage output for the differentiator is as follows: Circuit Diagram: Procedure: 1 Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram. Observation table:- Model Graph:- Result: Wave forms shows differentiator is a high pass filter.

Experiment No: 6 AIM: Verify the operation of a integrator circuit using op amp and show that it acts as a low pass filter.

Theory:- A circuit in which the output waveform is the integral of the input wave is the integrator. Such a circuit is obtained by using a basic inverting amplifier configuration. If the feedback resistor Rf is replaced by a capacitor C. Thus, the output voltage is directly proportional to the negative integral of the input voltage and inversely proportional to the time constant R Cf. The convenient way to introduce the AC integration circuit is through frequency response and impedance consideration.

The circuit operates by passing a current that charges or discharges the capacitor over time. If the op-amp is assumed ideal, nodes v1 and v2 are held equal, and so v2 is a virtual ground.

The input voltage passes a current through the resistor and series capacitor, which charges or discharges the capacitor over time. Because the resistor and capacitor are connected to a virtual ground, the input current does not vary with capacitor charge and a linear integration operation is achieved. Furthermore, the capacitor has a voltage-current relationship governed by the equation: Integrator circuit:- Procedure:- 1 Connect the circuit according to the circuit diagram.

The input signals to be summed up are given to inverting terminal or non-inverting terminal through the input resistance to perform inverting and non- inverting summing operations respectively. If the input to the inverting amplifier is increased, the resulting circuit is known as adder.

Output is a linear summation of number of input signals. Each input signal produces a component of the output signal that is completely independent of the other input signal.

When there are two inputs i. If we connect the inputs to non inverting terminal then the adder is non inverting adder. Subtractor: The basic difference amplifier can be used as a subtractor. The signals to be subtracted are connected to opposite polarity inputs i. A circuit that finds the difference between two signals is called a subtractor. If all external resistance is equal in value, so the gain of the amplifier is equal to 1. Experiment no 8 Aim To analyze the effect of varying frequency to the output voltage of low-pass and high- pass filter.

This is normally accomplished with filters. A filter is a circuit that passes a specific ranger of frequencies while rejecting other frequencies. A passive filter consists of passive circuit elements, such as capacitors, inductors and resistors. There are for basic types of filters: a Low-pass filter — designed to pass all frequencies below the cutoff frequency and reject all Frequencies above the cutoff b High-pass filter — designed to pass all frequencies above the cutoff frequency and reject all Frequencies below the cutoff frequency.

In this experiment, you will study low-pass and high-pass filters. Circuit Diagram:- Procedure:- High Pass Filter:- Observation:- Experiment no 9 Aim To understand the behavior of Wein-Bridge Oscillator and RC Phase Shift Oscillator in terms of gain requirement, frequency of oscillation and amplitude stabilization.

In effect,the amplitude of oscillation grows exponentially. The designer must think some approach that pulls the pole pair right back to the imaginary axis after desired amplitude level. Note that externallimiter circuits Non-Linearnetworks are not always required because the amplifier can maintain the loop gain with its own nonlinearity also.

Please remember that at least two time constants is the general requirement for the harmonic oscillator. Ideal gain requirement for Wein bridge oscillator is 3 and for RC phase shift oscillator is Procedure:- Without Amplitude stabilization 1.

First theoretically calculate the oscillation frequency. Connect a jumper between A and B in order to destroy the external amplitude control network. Theoretically calculate the pot setting required to just start the oscillation. Change the pot so that the oscillation starts. Note the setting of pot at which oscillation just starts. ALT position if required.

With Amplitude Stabilization 1. Take the jumper out. See whether the oscillation starts at same pot setting. If not change the pot setting so that oscillation starts.